Scientific evidence suggests that indoor dust contains chemical pollutants, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), bisphenols, parabens, and benzophenones, which are present in building materials and everyday products and could have implications for human health.

To quantify levels of PFAS, bisphenols, parabens, and benzophenones in household dust of four cohorts from Andalusia (Spain) and determine their relationship with sociodemographic and residential characteristics.

Household dust samples (n = 102) were collected (2023- 2025) within the COVID-AND study (a multi-purpose cohort whose overall aim is to investigate factors associated with Sars-CoV-2 infection in Andalusia), across four cohorts, CAPLIFE, GENEIDA, MCC-Granada, and MCC-Huelva. Target liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze ten PFAS, two bisphenols, four parabens, and five benzophenones. Associations with log-transformed chemical levels were analyzed using robust MM-estimator regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and residential variables.

Fifteen out of the 21 target chemicals were detected in all dust samples. Median concentrations ranged from 6.95 ng/g for PFHxA to 8590 ng/g for bisphenol A. High household income was positively associated with PFHxA (β:0.28, 95%CI 0.08,0.49), while University education was associated positively with benzophenone-3 (β:0.43, 95%CI 0.23,0.63). Manual work was linked to butylparaben (β:0.17, 95%CI 0.003,0.34). Densely populated areas were negatively associated with PFOA (β:-0.32, 95%CI -0.50, −0.13) and with older buildings PFOA (β:-0.007, 95%CI -0.01, −0.002)., Higher cleaning frequency was linked to benzophenone-1 (β:0.17, 95%CI 0.02,0.32).

Sociodemographic and residential characteristics were associated with pollutant levels in household dust. Confirming these findings in future studies will help identify population groups at high risk of exposure.